Composition and Functions of Solar Energy Panels' Different Components

Solar energy panel principle

Solar energy panels are made up of one or more solar panel pieces. They are a type of semiconductor device that converts light into electricity. They can convert the solar radiation that falls on their surface into direct current. Solar panels are the most basic component of photovoltaic systems/products and are the core part of solar photovoltaic systems. Their main function is to convert solar energy into electrical energy and store it in batteries. So, what are the  solar panel functions?

The composition and functions of solar energy panels

EVA: 

It is used to bond and fix tempered glass and power generating body (solar cell). The quality of transparent EVA material directly affects the component's service life. EVA exposed to air is prone to aging and yellowing, which affects the component's light transmittance and, thus, the quality of power generation. In addition to the quality of EVA itself, the laminating process of component manufacturers also has a significant impact. If the bonding degree of EVA is not up to standard, or if the bonding strength between EVA and tempered glass/backplane is not enough, it will cause premature aging of EVA and affect the component's service life.

Solar Cells: 

The solar cells in solar panel function is power generation. The mainstream power generating body in the market is crystal silicon solar cells and thin film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. Crystal silicon solar cells have relatively low equipment cost but high consumption and cell costs. However, their photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, making them suitable for power generation under outdoor sunlight. Thin film solar cells have higher equipment costs, but lower consumption and cell costs. Their photoelectric conversion efficiency is relatively half that of crystal silicon solar cells, but their weak light effect is very good, and they can also generate power under ordinary light, such as the solar cells in calculators.

Backplate: 

The backplate in solar panel function is sealing, insulation, and waterproofing. Generally, TPT, TPE and other materials are used, which must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers provide a 25-year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloy are usually not a problem. The key lies in whether the backplate and silicone can meet the requirements.

Aluminum alloy: 

It protects the laminated parts and has a certain sealing and supporting function.

Junction Box: 

It protects the entire power generation system and acts as a current transfer station. If the component's short-circuit junction box automatically disconnects the short-circuit battery string, it prevents the entire system from burning out. The most critical part of the junction box is the selection of diodes. According to the different types of solar cells in the component, the corresponding diodes are also different.